From a07627f48990aa58f0a0667b06f5779daee55254 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Knut Forkalsrud <knut@forkalsrud.org>
Date: Tue, 1 Jan 2013 16:33:26 -0800
Subject: [PATCH] Experiment with figuring out similar images.

---
 src/main/java/org/forkalsrud/util/VpTree.java | 167 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 167 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/main/java/org/forkalsrud/util/VpTree.java

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/forkalsrud/util/VpTree.java b/src/main/java/org/forkalsrud/util/VpTree.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b875e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/java/org/forkalsrud/util/VpTree.java
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package org.forkalsrud.util;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.PriorityQueue;
+import java.util.Random;
+
+public class VpTree<T> {
+
+    public static interface Metric<T> {
+        public double distance(T a, T b);
+    }
+
+    private Metric metric;
+    private Random random;
+    private Node root;
+
+    public VpTree(Collection<T> items, Metric<T> metric) {
+
+        this.metric = metric;
+        this.random = new Random();
+        ArrayList<WithDistance> points = new ArrayList<WithDistance>(items.size());
+        for (T t : items) {
+            points.add(new WithDistance(t, 0d));
+        }          
+        this.root = buildFromPoints(points, 0, points.size());
+    }
+
+    
+    private class WithDistance implements Comparable<WithDistance> {
+
+        private T value;
+        private double distance;
+
+        public WithDistance(T value, double distance) {
+            this.value = value;
+            this.distance = distance;
+        }
+        
+        public T getValue() {
+            return this.value;
+        }
+        
+        public double getDistance() {
+            return this.distance;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int compareTo(WithDistance other) {
+            double delta = other.distance - this.distance;
+            return (int) Math.signum(delta);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public List<WithDistance> search(final T target, int numResults) {
+
+        PriorityQueue<WithDistance> heap = new PriorityQueue<WithDistance>(numResults);
+        root.search(new Nearest(target, numResults));
+
+        ArrayList<WithDistance> results = new ArrayList<WithDistance>(heap.size());
+        while (!heap.isEmpty()) {
+            results.add(heap.remove());
+        }
+        Collections.reverse(results);
+        return results;
+    }
+
+    static void swap(ArrayList points, int a, int b) {
+        Object temp = points.get(a);
+        points.set(a, points.get(b));
+        points.set(b, temp);
+    }
+
+    
+    Node buildFromPoints(ArrayList<WithDistance> points, int left, int right) {
+
+        if (right <= left) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        // choose an arbitrary point and move it to the start
+        int len = right - left;
+        int pos = left + random.nextInt(len);
+        Collections.swap(points, left, pos);
+        final WithDistance vp = points.get(left);
+        for (int i = left + 1; i < right; i++) {
+            WithDistance wd = points.get(i); 
+            wd.distance = metric.distance(vp.value, wd.value);
+        }
+        Collections.sort(points.subList(left + 1, right));
+        int midpoint = (left + 1 + right) / 2;
+        double threshold = points.get(midpoint).distance;
+        Node leftChild = buildFromPoints(points, left + 1, midpoint);
+        Node rightChild = buildFromPoints(points, midpoint, right);
+        return new Node(vp.value, threshold, leftChild, rightChild);
+    }
+
+    protected class Nearest {
+        
+        private T query;
+        private int numMatches;
+        private PriorityQueue<WithDistance> matches;
+
+        public Nearest(T query, int numMatches) {
+            this.query = query;
+            this.numMatches = numMatches;
+            this.matches = new PriorityQueue<WithDistance>(numMatches, Collections.reverseOrder());
+        }
+
+        public double distanceFrom(T value) {
+            return metric.distance(query, value);
+        }
+
+        public double tau() {
+            return matches.peek().distance;
+        }
+
+        public void add(T value, double distance) {
+            if (matches.size() < numMatches || distance <  tau()) {
+                matches.add(new WithDistance(value, distance));
+            }
+            if (matches.size() > numMatches) {
+                matches.poll();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    protected class Node {
+
+        private T value;
+        private double threshold;
+        private Node left;
+        private Node right;
+
+        public Node(T value, double threshold, Node left, Node right) {
+            this.value = value;
+            this.threshold = threshold;
+            this.left = left;
+            this.right = right;
+        }
+        
+        void search(Nearest qip) {
+
+            double distance = qip.distanceFrom(value);
+            qip.add(value, distance);
+            if (distance < threshold) {
+                // try left child first
+                if (left != null && distance - qip.tau() <= threshold) {
+                    left.search(qip);
+                }
+                if (right != null && distance + qip.tau() >= threshold) {
+                    right.search(qip);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // try right child first
+                if (right != null && distance + qip.tau() >= threshold) {
+                    right.search(qip);
+                }
+                if (left != null && distance - qip.tau() <= threshold) {
+                    left.search(qip);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}